Of Mice and Men Essay on Lennie - 672 Words

Explore the ways Lennie is presented and developed in Of Mice and Men Although Lennie is among the main characters in ‘Of Mice and Men’, he is perhaps the least self-motivated. He experiences no significant changes, development, or growth throughout the novel and remains exactly as the reader encounters him in the opening pages. Throughout this essay I will be explaining the different aspects of his character. Although Steinbeck’s insistent foreshadowing of these characteristics makes Lennie a rather simple character, Lennie’s simplicity is essential to Steinbeck’s idea of the novel. Since the tragedy depends upon the outcome seeming to be expected, we as the reader must know from the start that Lennie is doomed, and must be†¦show more content†¦This extract clearly shows that he is unaware of strength and that he is confused to as why the puppy has been killed. Ironically, Curleys wife is attracted to him because of the violence he had shown in crushing her husbands hand. It is the threat of violence to be used against Lennie that causes George to take the final step of killing his friend. We can also see Lennie as a victim; this is perhaps the most interesting trait of his personality for lots of different reasons. Interestingly, the words used to describe Curley’s fighting and struggle seem to be more violent than Lennie’s aggression, making Lennie seem the victim. The onomatopoeia usage of words such as â€Å"slashed† and â€Å"crashed† create the idea that Lennie is the one being hurt in this situation. Cross sectioning, the same description technique is used when Lennie is suffocating Curley’s wife. Words such as â€Å"battered† and â€Å"writhed† are used to initiate that even though Lennie is the one hurting, he is the victim none the less. Furthermore, Steinbeck writes that â€Å"Lennie watched in terror† as Curley’s hand crushed under his own, showing that even though he is doing it, he can’t control himself and does not want to be hurting him. Instantly, because of the description of the wa y he is acting, we feel sympathy for Lennie, and not the person he has hurt. Finally, we also can believe that Lennie is only ever violent through being invited or tricked into it. Firstly, with the mouse he kills heShow MoreRelatedEssay on Lennie in Of Mice and Men1916 Words   |  8 PagesLennie is a victim of this society and time because he is simpleminded Of mice and men Lennie is a victim of this society and time because he is simpleminded and there were no special centres to send him to at this time in America. Candy is a victim of his society and time because he was old and in the 1930’s America there was no pension schemes like there are now also Candy has a disability, he has one hand. Crooks is a victim of society and time for the reason that he is black, racismRead MoreThe Character of Lennie in Of Mice and Men Essay673 Words   |  3 PagesThe Character of Lennie in Of Mice and Men In my opinion, Lennie Small is the most interesting character in Steinbecks novel Of Mice and Men. Steinbeck does a very good job describing and characterizing Lennies personality. Lennies character is, indeed, quite unique. A large man with enormous strength, yet kind and childlike, he seems to find joy in simple life pleasures like petting a furry animal and making the water ripple. Lennies greatest difficulty seems to be remembering; and itRead MoreEssay on Character Traits of Lennie in Of Mice and Men996 Words   |  4 PagesRiver Valley, after the Great Depression, there were a large number of unemployed workers seeking jobs. In the fiction novel Of Mice and Men, by John Steinbeck, Lennie Small is among one of those men. Lennie and his friend George both have just received jobs on a ranch as farm workers. What brings the two together is their dream to someday own their own land. Lennie has a lot of character and personality traits that define him. One trait that he has is he is very forgetful. Another trait he hasRead MoreLennie and George in John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men Essay1010 Words   |  5 Pages John Steinbeck wrote the play Of Mice and Men in 1937 (Steinbeck). It is a play about two ranch workers who do not have the best of luck. The two workers were named George and Lennie. George was a more small bodied man. His partner Lennie was a giant among average sized people. They are on the road going place to place working numerous jobs. Lennie has a learning disability. The two work hand and hand. George is there to keep Lennie out of trouble. Lennie in a way helps keep George together. SometimesRead MoreOf Mice and Men Essay-a Comparison Between Lennie and Candy1408 Words   |  6 PagesThe novel â€Å"Of Mice and Men† is filled with characters that portray weakness. They are Steinbeck’s commentary on the general attitude towards the â€Å"weak†, and on the stereotype of â€Å"weak†, and perhaps even on the belief of â€Å"survival of the fittest†-social darwinism. Candy’s dog and Lennie are two characters that do so perhaps the most s ignificantly, although in the case of Candy’s dog it is slightly less obvious as he’s not given much of a personality. Upon digging deeper into these two characters,Read MoreIs Lennie Responsible for His Actions in of Mice and Men Essay1452 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the novel, Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck presents Lennie to be responsible and also irresponsible for his actions. Sometimes throughout the novel, Steinbeck presents Lennie to be irresponsible for his actions because life at the time was very difficult. People were losing their jobs, many farmers lost their farms, and were forced into the life of itinerant workers. The lifestyle Lennie had could be responsible for his actions, because he didn’t really have support. However on the otherRead MoreOf Mice and Men Essay770 Words   |  4 PagesYour mom B6 January 13, 2010 Of Mice and Men essay An allegory is a work where characters are symbols of ideas. They may symbolize anything from honesty to sadness. In an allegorical novel these characters and the ideas they represent form together to suggest a moral. The novel, Of Mice and Men is one of these allegorical novels. Its theme or moral is about friendship: the friendship of George and Lennie. The actions of the characters that represent ideas in the story bring about the chanceRead MoreEnglish Essay- Explore the Ways in Which John Steinbeck Presents Power in the Fight Scene.884 Words   |  4 PagesOf mice and men English essay- Explore the ways in which John Steinbeck presents power in the fight scene. The 1930’s was hard time for most people who lost their money in the Wall Street crash. John Steinbeck tries to portray how tough life was back then in his novel mice and men. Mice and men also portray how power was abused and the way that it was used in the 1930’s. InRead MoreOf Mice And Men By John Steinbeck894 Words   |  4 PagesOf Mice and Men Essay John Steinbeck once said, â€Å"A journey is a person in itself; no two are alike. And all plans, safeguards, policing, and coercion are fruitless. We find that after years of struggle that we do not take a trip; a trip takes us†. In his novella, Of Mice and Men, two men go on an unexpected journey in search for their dream of happiness. There are many themes that come from their journey such as, the gilded American dream, the bond of male friendships, the power of women and femininityRead MoreOf Mice and Men1352 Words   |  6 PagesOf Mice and Men Essay - Fate or Choice? Choice is defined by the ‘Shorter Oxford Dictionary’ as; â€Å"The act of choosing; preferential determination between things proposed.† It also states the definition for fate; â€Å"The principle, power, or agency by which events are unalterably predetermined from eternity.† Is our life choice, can we determine our fate by choosing our path or is our destiny determined for us? John Steinbeck puts forward this question in his novella Of Mice and Men

Female Role in Things Fall Apart by Chinua Acheebe

Discuss the role of women in the novel. How are feminine qualities of the Ibo culture important to its survival? Women: Weak Gender?! In the novel â€Å"Things fall apart† by Chinua Achebe we are introduced to a different Africa than most of us know. We travel back in time and go to the pre-colonial Africa, more specifically Nigeria, to a village known as Umofia where the Ibo people live. The Ibo people form a very archaic and agriculture based society. Achebe introduces us to this new world that was seen by the Europeans as an unsociable and savage place and shows that the African culture was destroyed by the arrival of the Europeans in that land. But not only that, he brings up different points of social analysis like religion, the taboo†¦show more content†¦They are the ones who paint the houses of the egwugwu.(The spirits of the ancestors.) In the first pages of the book it is also mentioned that the most potent war medicine they have is named after a woman. And it is also possible to see, how the first wife of every man is paid some respect for she is the only who is allowed to wear the anklets of her husband’s titles and also, during the Palm-wine ceremony, where the first wife is the first to drink and the others have to wait for her. Another perfect example of women’s power is their emotional strength. This is not explicit in the novel but trough the reading it becomes evident how they overcome their status (or the lack of it) in society, mistreatment and other misfortunes – when, for instance, they give birth to twins and have to throw them in the Evil Forest –. Under these circumstances one has to be emotionally strong to survive and that is exactly what these women do. In chapter 10, a serious case of beating is brought to the egwugwu and the Evil Forest comes in the wife’s favor and says â€Å"It is not bravery when a man fights with a woman.†(page 66) Another proof of trust is the performances of women in farming, where they are designated to prepare the field for the yams in which if it is not done correctly the yams fail. So it is a very important task. But above all things, the most important feature assembled to women appears when Okonkwo is exiled in his motherland. The idea of women’s power being closely

Political Philosophy, By Steven Cahn - 1197 Words

In Steven Cahn s book, Political Philosophy, The Essential Texts, philosophers such as Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau created the circumstances to enable the fundamental principals of philosophy and politics. These knowledgeable, astute and significant men have helped to achieve the structure of our past and present democracy as well as a plan of action for the rights and values that we as citizens can all relate to today. They are grounded in their thinking and tied together as a whole in ideas and practices of politics, philosophy and humankind. Possessors of morals and ethics reflected in their works have influenced current social interaction and the foundation of our current practice of democracy in which we have relied upon this present day. For over a hundred years, theorists have deliberated the nature of our species and the method of governing appropriately to warrant the Commonwealth. Today in politics there is a palpable disunion about the useful rol e of system and a sharp division regarding human nature. The role of government and society s role individually had been critical topics of the philosophers. Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle had their thoughts on the subject of fairness and the government. Socrates was convinced that democracy was not a sensible form of government, in his opinion, the electorate of the people was rough justice. Plato alleged that government ought only to have rulers with the intelligence and educationShow MoreRelatedEssay on Socrates Fight for Justice1101 Words   |  5 Pagescrimes. Although none of the accusations have any true merit Socrates is forced into the courtroom. During his defense Socrates states, â€Å"A man who really fights for justice must lead a private, not a public, life if he is to survive even a short time (Cahn pg. 36 Apology 32a1).† Socrates is arguing that anybody that wants to truly fight for justice must stay out of the public eye, and out of politics due to its corrupt nature. To back this claim Socrates follows with two ex amples of his past, one beingRead MoreJohn Locke versus Karl Marx Essay1259 Words   |  6 PagesTwo of the most influential and celebrated modern political thinkers, Karl Marx and John Locke, have made countless insightful and compelling arguments, expressing their ideas on various conditions of the individual, state, and the interactions between the two. Marx was a German political thinker who was best known for his works with idea of communism and social class divisions. Locke was an English philosopher famous for his social contract and is known as the Father of Liberalism (CITE). DespiteRead MoreMarx and the Bourgeoisie Essay1908 Words   |  8 Pagesand of exchange. (Marx, 424). In this sense, the bourgeoisie have the ability to change since they themselves are products of revolutions. In other terms, the bourgeoisie are an always changing class that has found ways to stay in power through political hegemony over the proletariat class. Marx conjures the proper preconditions for a successful rebellion but again contradicts himself through his own ideologies. Although Marx believes that capitalism will be responsible for the proletariat rebellionRead MoreThe Ethical Egoist: Whats the Problem in Plato’s The Republic, Socrates824 Words   |  3 PagesPlato’s The Republic, Socrates tries to explain the value of justice to man. Other educated Athenians challenge him, however Socrates pokes holes in all of their statements. Socrates argues that there are many problems with their views on social philosophy, especially when it comes to Thrasymachus’ idea of ethical egoism. Plato delivers his view of justice through Socrates when he responds to Thrasymachus, Glaucon, and Cephalus on the issue. Throughout the discussion, Plato never argues against theRead MoreConceptions of the Social Contract Theory924 Words   |  4 PagesThomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean Jacques Rousseau were political philosophers who formulated their own version of the social contract theory. The social contract theory is a treaty or an agreement that developed a set of laws, organized a functional society, and created the need to be governed. It was put into place when man realized that there was no law. Mankind eventually sought the desire for security and order. To receive security and order people shall voluntarily give up all their rightsRead More Rousseau, Hobbes, and Locke : Interpretations of Human Nature 1593 Words   |  7 Pagesmost studied elements of the world we live in. From our nature came the interest of how we as humans interact with each other, through the development of our nature some have served and others had ruled. Three philosophers that have focused their political ideas around human nature have given a deeper meaning to their study of politics through the understanding of human nature. Each one of them had a distinctive interpretation of what human nature was and how it impacted the politics of the specificRead M oreVoltaires Criticism of Leibniz Essay4061 Words   |  17 Pagesimportant philosophical ideas were also developed. Some of the most important, which still influence the lives of Westerners on a daily basis, were the political doctrines developed in Europe in the eighteenth century. For the first time, people began to believe that they had individual rights. Prior to the Enlightenment, the commonly accepted political belief in Europe was the doctrine of the Divine Right of Kings, which told the people that their monarch had been appointed by God and was responsibleRead MoreA Beast, No More : Curing Doubt2549 Words   |  11 PagesGreece during the 6th century BCE. Two key figures contributing to Greek philosophy were Socrates and Aristotle who both developed fundamental ideals: idealism and materialism. Socrates explained through idealist logic that the truth of life is relative to each individual’s ideas and reasoning, while Aristotle believed through materialism that lif e is based on rationality and motive. Centuries later, these ancient Greek philosophies were revived in 14th century Italy and spread to the rest of Europe untilRead MoreEssay Socrates and Thrasymachus in Republic2140 Words   |  9 Pagesblueprint can be applied to a moral individual. Works Cited 1. Plato (trans. Robin Waterfield). Republic, Oxford University Press Inc., New York. 1998 edition. 2. Nagel, Thomas. â€Å"Equality and Partiality,† in Classics of Political and Moral Philosophy, ed. Steven Cahn (Oxford University Press, 2002). 3. Ehrenreich, Barbara. Nickel and Dimed. Henry Holt Company 2001. Read MoreEssay about Affirmative Action3693 Words   |  15 Pagessociety because such a goal is nearly impossible to achieve. If affirmative action policies were to be removed, many groups including ethnic minorities, women, students, the disabled, the poor and the elderly would suffer the consequences. The political divisiveness of the affirmative action debate is fueled in part by the divided nature of the public opinion concerning affirmative action. It seems that for the most part, all individuals, including whites, are in favor of the ideology behind affirmative

Privacy and The Internet Life of Others - 1206 Words

As the explosion of internet social media based companies has grown the issue of privacy has been at the forefront of many people’s mind. Privately held information can easily become available to people and be negatively used due to the digital age we are in today. Two of the leading companies in social media are Google and Facebook. This case study analysis explores both Google and Facebook’s privacy policies and issue that has stemmed from it. Google and Facebook recently have taken a lot of backlash from people and governments regarding the way they handle the information they have gathered from the consumers that use their products. Facebook in 2009 was in a dispute with the Canadian government over the use of the data collected†¦show more content†¦On the other hand the importance of regulating privacy is necessary and vital to the growth and stability of our country and around the world. Reports have come out that Visa and MasterCard payment details may have been exposed at a large processor. (JESSICA SCHWARTZ) Visa and MasterCard are investigating whether a data security breach at one of the main companies that processes transactions improperly exposed private customer information, bank officials said Friday. The event highlighted a crucial vulnerability that could affect millions of credit card holders. The breach occurred at Global Payments, an Atlanta company that helps Visa and MasterCard process tra nsactions for merchants. One bank executive estimated that about one million to three million accounts could be affected. That does not mean that all those cards were used fraudulently, but that credit card information on the cardholders was exposed. Even if this may not be an internet privacy policy related issue this is another issue that is affecting the consumer’s these days. Every payment that is made on a card can be tracked and be used for marketing certain products back to the consumers. I work for a company that is an industry leader in consumer based payment processing. The importance of both ethically sound decision making and prevention from breaches are necessary to protect the consumer’s information.Show MoreRelatedThe Internet Is Good Or Bad?1074 Words   |  5 Pagesmet that guy before? Or even how has he/she known that thing about me. When the internet became available, we got all of the general public including some unsavoury characters that didn t have your best interests at heart, so we got a lot of bad things showing up on the net in addition to the overwhelming positive value that is available, he told TechRadar†(Goss). In other word, we have become using the Internet widely that we do not even know what we are doing. Indeed that we are in the situationRead MoreInternet Privacy.1148 Words   |  5 PagesSolutions for Violations of Internet Privacy. In the past thirty years computer technology has been developing very rapidly. Internet in last decade has revolutionized the way how we conduct our lives and businesses. Internet has become a daily necessity we cannot live without. Development of Internet and wireless technologies together with advancement in miniature technology has made it possible for us to have access the internet on the go. Every year we expect new and more advance modelsRead More Privacy On The Internet Essay1588 Words   |  7 Pages Privacy on the Internet nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Ever feel like you are being watched? How about having the feeling like some one is following you home from school? Well that is what it will be like if users do not have the privacy on the Internet they deserve. EPIC (Electronic Privacy Information Center), a advocacy group that has been fighting the Clinton Administration for tougher online consumer protection laws, and other privacy protection agencies have formed to protect the rights andRead MoreInternet And The World Wide Web990 Words   |  4 PagesInternet Privacy The term Internet and the World Wide Web (WWW) are words that not only are familiar to people all over the globe but their technology is ubiquitous. Aside from the availability of the Internet, several spin-off technologies have been possible such as mobile Internet service via the mobile telephone, PDA or even â€Å"netbooks† – those subnotebooks that are small-sized, low-cost and lightweight optimized for mobile Internet access and core computing functions. No doubt, it is difficultRead MoreInternet Negative Effects891 Words   |  4 PagesThe Internet is a technology that has negative impacts on our daily lives. It has changed aspects of our life for the last 50 years, and it has demonstrated the considerable influence on people’s lives. Almost 3.2 billion people in the world use the internet. The Internet has gained acceptance across the globe, and it has also become central to the critical changes experienced in today’s society. Some of the changes a re social isolation, health disorder, a lack of privacy and internet addiction.Read MoreGoogle Vs. Google Privacy Policy1349 Words   |  6 PagesInternet companies like Google and others collect and store individual customer profile as a requirement to provide free services like search, webmail, web storage and social networking services. Official Google Privacy policy states: â€Å"When you use Google services, you trust us with your information.†. (Google) Google privacy policy is built on the opt-out requirement and they influence their customer to implicitly trust it with their personal data. Google claims in their mission statement that â€Å"Google’sRead More Internet Shopping Essay1446 Words   |  6 PagesInternet Shopping The Internets popularity has dramatically escalated over the past few years and has become an integral part of daily life. It has wide spread uses ranging from obtaining information, downloading files, business advertisement to Internet commerce, which plays a major part in Internet practice. Our social structure is pressuring society to connect to the Internet, with schools world wide becoming more Web based and universities now have lectures, which can be solely viewed overRead MorePrivacy Is The Right Of Privacy920 Words   |  4 Pagesnot contain reference to privacy, but privacy has been implied in the constitution. Originally, privacy is the right of everyone to be physically free from being observed or disturbed by other people. Technology has change the meaning of privacy when it became part of our daily life. Nowadays, one can be observed or disturbed through internet or any electronic devises. Privacy has become an issue for everyone when technology played a role on helpin g third party violate privacy; as a result, the constitutionRead MorePrivacy on the Internet1616 Words   |  7 PagesPrivacy on the Internet Ever feel like you are being watched? How about having the feeling like some one is following you home from school? Well that is what it will be like if users do not have the privacy on the Internet they deserve. EPIC (Electronic Privacy Information Center), a advocacy group that has been fighting the Clinton Administration for tougher online consumer protection laws, and other privacy protection agencies have formed to protect the rights and privileges of the InternetRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of The Internet On Human Life761 Words   |  4 PagesThe Internet on Human Life The Internet is a technology that has negative impacts on our daily lives. It has changed aspects of our life for the last 50 years, and it has demonstrated the considerable influence on people’s lives. Almost 3.2 billion people in the world use the internet. The Internet has gained acceptance across the globe, and it has also become a reason behind the critical changes in the modern society. Some of the changes are social isolation, health disorder, lack of privacy and

Socio Cognitive and Linguistic Perspective Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Socio Cognitive and Linguistic Perspective. Answer: Introdcution: Womens role in advertisement has been increasing and major corporation giants are using the image of women to present their advertisement idea. Advertisements have played a significant major role in modern life. All the media channels are filled with advertisements. From time to time, advertisements are filling hours of television program and taking up space online and in web pages. As commented by Bullo (2014), we either communicate with ourselves or we communicate with others in the world. Advertisements are no doubt the means of communicating with others. The social media sites have provided the right approach to formulate and structure ones thoughts (Kim and Byungtae 2015). This essay compares the print advertisements of two renowned companies of Japan, Toyota and Pepsi. The car manufacturer giant has been well known to offer its cars to various levels of consumers. The advertisements made by this organization always portray a clear message and creates a buzz in the market. On the other hand, the advertisement approach of Pepsi is different. The soft drink company always has to share the same message that says that Pepsi is the best product to quench thirst (Kim and Byungtae 2015). For the comparison and analysis of the advertisements of these two companies, print advertisement where women have been used as the models for the advertisements. The thesis statement of the essay can be stated here. Womens role in advertisement has been increasing and major corporation giants are using the image of women to present their advertisement idea. This way these organization have been successful in creating a buzz in the market along with a strong message aligned to more power to women. At the same time, women are also considered as a feminist symbols and it is used my major marketers to attract more number of viewers and audiences towards the advertisement. According to Bhatt (2015), there are a number of advertisement techniques that the advertisers use at the time of designing an advertisement. Every bit of advertisement is portrait for a particular reason. The artists and designers put a lot into every bit of the advertisement. There always remains the strategy of mirror and window effect in the advertisement that eventually has effect on the viewers. In fact in the recent technologically advanced situation, communicating with people has become easier than ever. In the advertisement of Toyota, the role of women has been beautifully portrayed. The car manufacturer wanted to portray that they design cars for every section of the society. The advertisement very gracefully showed that the car is designed for the women working in the corporate world and also for those responsible women who has a family and children to take acre off (Toyota Outdoor Advert 2017). On the other hand, the advertisement of diet Pepsi shows a model holding a can of the diet Pepsi. There are no other elements that have been used in this advertisement. The colors used in the advertisement matches the color of the product. Very proactively, the blue color of Pepsi has been used for the dress of the model. There is only one statement used in the ad, Love every sip (Daisy 2017). This has clearly indicated the actual purpose of the ad that the soft drink replenishes the quench of thirst of the consumers. In this respect, it can be clearly said that the woman used in the ad does not personify a strong feminist character and perhaps it is a means of attracting people. The print advertisement of Toyota has been kept very simple where only the brands car has been used as the element. The logo of the car is present at the top left corner. The advertisement lacks any kind of info graphics. The target groups for this people are the working women who are capable enough to afford a car for them. Toyota indeed is supporting those women and helping them to achieve what they are craving for. This is indeed a drawback of the advertisement because if the ad included some kind of information, it would have been more accurate in it terms (Bhatt 2014). Similar comments can be made for the ad of Pepsi, The only comment that has been made in the advert was that Share the love with Sofia Vergara. This comment can be considered as a serious note where the aim of the advertisement is to attract consumers on the note that it shall provide them a chance to meet Sofia. The target group of people in this respect could be considered as both the women and men in the society mostly the youths. As commented by Willi et al. (2015), the aim of the advertisement designer always remains to attract more audiences towards the product. In order to do so, there are certain factors that play important role in shaping the advertisement. These factors are creativity, innovations and to certain extent feminist representation in the advertisement. This has always been fruitful for the advertisers to attract people. In the recent technologically advanced society and the increasing impact of the social media sites like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and others, the opportunity of reaching out people has increased. Thus, designers are using different means to represent their ideas to the consumers. With the detailed analysis of the two print advertisements it has been cleared that the approach of the two companies was different. Both the companies have used women as the model for the endorsement but on a serious note, Toyota portrayed a more serious and sincere character of women and the responsibilities that they have to perform. On the other hand, Pepsi has used the model to attract more viewers. Thus, it can be clearly stated that the women have been portrayed differently in the advertisements depending on the designers concept. Depending on the concept of the designers, the advertisements are designed and are released to the world. This way the concept of mirror and window is fulfilled. The advertisements have been designed in the right way keeping the target group of people into consideration. This way these companies have been successful in creating buzz in the market. References: Bhatt, Surya. "Brand Positioning Map and Analysis Using Web Scraping and Advertisement Analysis." (2015). Bullo, Stella.Evaluation in advertising reception: A socio-cognitive and linguistic perspective. Springer, 2014. Development, Daisy. "Sofia Vergara Actress - Celebrity Endorsements, Celebrity Advertisements, Celebrity Endorsed Products". Celebrityendorsementads.com.., 2017. Web. 2 May 2017 Kim, Myunsoo, and Byungtae Lee. "Analysis of an advertisement based business model under technological advancements in fair use personal recording services."Electronic Commerce Research and Applications14.3 (2015): 169-180. Toyota Outdoor Advert By Saatchi Saatchi: Life Style Capsule, Woman | Ads Of The World". Adsoftheworld.com. 2017. Web. 2 May 2017. Wyllie, Jessica, Jamie Carlson, and Philip J. Rosenberger. "Does sexual-stimuli intensity and sexual self-schema influence female consumers' reactions toward sexualised advertising? An Australian perspective."Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ)23.3 (2015): 188-195.

Change Management Models and Theory-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Change Management Models and Theory. Answer: Introduction: Change management is the approach which is often taken by managers and organizations for transitioning individuals, organizations as well as team from a current unfavorable state to that to a favorable future state. Change management approach is applied to situations such as downsizing, growing of organizations and even adding new technology (Doppelt, 2017). Researchers are of the opinion that this organizational process are mainly aimed at helping the employees not only to understand but also commit to and accept and embrace different modifications and changes in the current business environment. Many researchers suggest that a part of change management is also managing transition. Many argue that change and transition are two different aspects while other says that they are interrelated (Howes et al., 2015). Keeping this argument aside, change management is found to be important as it helps in minimizing resistance of the employees, increase in engagement, improve performance, redu ce costs and also enhances innovation. This helps the organization to overcome any threatening situations and at the same time, it will be helpful in developing the working conditions resulting in better productivity (Fernandes, Ward Araujo, 2015). This assignment will mainly describe change management models and how they are different from each other. This will also show how each model can fit in different scenarios giving an idea about how managers should adapt the model in certain particular situations. Lewins change management model: The first theory which can be considered is the Lewins change management model. It is one of the most popular as well as the effective model which helps managers to understand the requirement of the organizational and structured changes required. The model mainly consists of three important parts. This are unfreeze, change and refreeze. The first stage called the unfreeze stage is mainly the preparation stage for the change. This mainly shows that the organization should prepare for the change and also absorb the fact that change is essential. This stage is important to make the employees understand why the present existing ways need to be changed and how this can help in bringing profit (Quiney Richardson, 2014). Looking the core and re-examining is the important part. This is followed by the change stage. In the second stage, real transitions or changes take place. This stage takes time as it needs people needs to accept new things, development and happenings in the organization, good leadership and reassurance are essential for steering the changes in the forward direction (Kempster, Higg Weurz, 2014). Communication and time are very important aspects of this stage. The third stage is called the refreeze stage. Following the occurrences like the changes being accepted, embraces and implemented by the organization, this stage shows how the company gradually stabilizes and becomes to work successfully again in a stable mode. This is called so as the employees and processes begin to refreeze and things start going back to their normal pace and routine. Critics: Researchers are of the opinion that most of the organizations prefer to use this model as they find this model to be easier to implement. This model is useful when business requires massive changes. Secondly, it is also useful in finding out any concealed information and mistakes which were previously taken for granted as the change agent is analyzing every aspect of the transition (Bartuneck Woodman, 2015). However, many other researchers argue that this model of change management is time consuming and can be difficult at times. It requires the mangers to take extra effort to take care and support their teams as they have to consider their emotions through turmoil. The workflow will change drastically and therefore care should be taken when bring them on board and keeping up the enthusiasm in the refreezing stage (Cummings, Bridgman Brown, 2016) Kotters change management theory Another model which can be described is the Kotters change management theory. This is one of the most popular theories and had been still implemented by large number of organizations. This mainly consists of 8 important stages where each of the stages will mainly be focusing on the key principles which are associated with the response of people to changes. The first stage is called the increase urgency stage which involves the creating of a sense of urgency among the people by mainly motivating them stating that they have to move forward towards the new objectives (Vora et al., 2013). The second is building team which mainly requires the manager to incorporate right people in the team with the appropriate selection of skill mix, knowledge and also commitment. The third one is getting the vision correct where the stage relates with development of the correct vision and taking into account the strategy, creativity, objectives and also the emotional connectedness. The fourth step is the communicate stage where the agents should communicate with the employees regarding the change and the necessity of the change (Rafferty et al., 2017). The fifth step is called get things moving. In order to get things moving and empowering actions of people, managers need to provide support to employees, remove their roadblocks along with implementation in the constructive ways. Focusing on short term goals is the next stage where the managers need to divide the ultimate goal into small and achievable parts. This is the proper way which would help people to achieve success without too much pressure (Ewenstein et al., 2015). The next stage mainly focuses on the development of the ability of the employees not to give up knowing that persistence is the way to success and not to succumb to pressure and give up when the change management process is going on. The last stage is called the incorporating change stage where besides managing change effectively, it becomes important to reinfor ce them and make them a part of the culture. Critics: Researchers have found that organizations use this model as this is a step by step model. It mainly focuses on preparing and accepting changes and is mainly response based stating that it actually works in accordance to the responses of the employees. Transition is mainly easier with the help of this model. However many researchers have argued that one negative aspect of this model is that the steps cannot be skipped and this process requires a great deal of time (Duplessis Mabunda et al., 2016). Although it acts as a checklist but mainly lacks the necessary back and forth movement as it only allows step by step movement. However this model is quite gripping as it solely resides on the developing the employees for the changes and entirely concentrating on them for the changes to occur successfully. McKinsey 7s model: The next model that one can also take in consideration is the McKinsey 7s model. This model has managed to exist in the organizational culture even when a large number of models have come and gone. This model has been able to survive and consists of 8 important stages. The first stage is the strategy which the organization needs to develop to overcome the competition and thereby reach goals (Ewenstein, smith Sologar, 2015). The second one is the systems where the managers should take the decisions about the ways by which every day activities need to be dome in order to get the task completed. Shared values are the core or the main values of the organization according to which the change is preceded (Vora, 2013). Next is the style in which the leaderships and modifications would be implemented after adoption so that the change takes place successfully. Next is the skills which refer mainly to the competencies as well as the features and skills possessed by the employees in the organi zation. The next aspect is staffs which mainly refer to the workforce or the employees and their working capabilities. The main principle is that the manager after recognizing and identifying all the seven S, she or he needs to think about how each of the aspects affect each other and thereby implement changes accordingly (Chienwattayakum Mankin, 2015). For example, a manager should try to examine about how the structure of the organization is affecting the strategy, how both of them affect the systems and then a again all of them are interacting with the skills or staffs and many others. Critics: Critics are of the opinion that there are many benefits with the McKinsey model. It provides an effective model to diagnose and understand organization along with providing guidance to the organizational change (Raffery Restubog, 2017). It combines both emotional and rational components. All the components are integral and are addressed in a unified model. The disadvantages with the model as argued by researchers are that when one part changes, all get changed as they are interconnected. The model is quite complex (Du Plessox et al., 2016). Even researchers say that many companies have even failed with the help of this model. Comparison and contrast: An important similarity that was noticed in all the mentioned three models are that all are time consuming and requires extensive planning and investigations before implementing them. However, certain dissimilarities have been found. Whereas Lewins model is subjected to massive changes in an organization, the other two models are mainly applied to changes which are not drastic (Horstein, 2015). It is seen that unlike the Lewis model, Kotters model is mainly response based change management where the employees and other stakeholders are the primary concerns in the change management rather than including the organization and the processes which are changing. Kotters theory is mainly organizing the employees aligning to the organizations goals and helping them to adapt to the environment. This is mainly response based. However, McKinseys change management remains mainly focused on another perspective entirely (Vander voet, 2014). They remain more concerned with the alteration of the org anization and processes by focusing the on the interconnection of the seven aspects like system, structure, strategy and others providing more importance of the interconnectedness between the aspects. While interconnections are important in this process, Kotters model is a step by step model and does not provide interconnectedness as stated by McKinsleys. Kotters models have aspects which cannot make the change successful if one step is missed and the steps are linear rather than being interconnected like Mckinseys (Farkas et al., 2016). Lewins model does not have any such aspects and are easier to follow as this does not study the interconnections like the McKinseys model to understand and implement the changes required. Moreover, unlike the Kotters, it is not comprising of minute and larger number of steps and is simpler to follow by the organizations. However, Lewin and McKinsley depend on an in-depth analysis for making changes successful unlike Kotters model which is mainly bas ed on the modifications of the attitudes of the employees with the changes. The differences can be understood by scenarios. Scenario: Let one assume, a scenario where the employers of the organization had decided to introduce new technology of the system so the time consumed by the employees to perform the task would become less. However, the employees were resistant against the use of new technologies as they were comfortable with the previous working style. They showed resistance to the change although it was urgent for the organization to shift to the new technology to increase productivity. Other than, this new change, all others were working smoothly. In such a situation, Kotters theory would be just where the managers can use the eight important stages to prepare the employees for the change makings sure that the employees get comfortable with the new trend and helping them in each stages to align with the new technological skills. Here Mckinseys model is not required as there was no need to assess the interconnections of the aspects mentioned in the model. In another scenario, it was seen that a company was facing tremendous loss due to lesser productivity of the employees and attrition rate was also high. A change was indeed very necessary so that the company can recover the losses by increasing the productivity of the employees (Hornstein et al., 2015). Therefore in such a situation, the managers or the employers were in urgent need to find the main reasons for such results. In such a situation, where urgent changes were very important, managers had to take help of the McKinseys model (Pollack Pollack, 2015). The managers had to first evaluate the interconnected factors which are responsible for such outcomes. On thorough analysis, it was found the strategy taken by the managers were not aligning with the system and structure of the organizing as the system was not financially stable to handle the strategies. Moreover, the skill mix required to adapt to such strategies were also not aligning with the staff numbers and it was getting strenuous for them and they were suffering from jo b stress. Therefore, change was extremely important and in this scenario the McKinseys model was found to be extremely useful. Let us consider another scenario where an organization was sold to another employer due to extreme loss. The new CEO of the company wanted to change the entire working style of the old organization with a completely new objective, mission and vision. He wanted to develop the old organization with an absolute new perspective and for this drastic change, the Lewin model was important. It required for the new CEO to first develop an in-depth analysis during the unfreezing stage followed by implementing the changes and then refreezing the environment to maintain stability. Conclusion: Change management is an important process which every organization needs to adopt in order to properly go through a change or transition phase for betterment of the organization. The time during change management is often strenuous as the employer, managers and workers all have to change their styles to adapt to the new situations. However, all changes are not drastic but require expert handling to become sure of the success. Lewin model, Kotters model and McKinseys model all help in acting as guides to change agents. It is important for the managers to correctly apply the proper models in the different situations so that it can have the best outcomes. Referrences: Bartunek, J. M., Woodman, R. W. (2015). 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